Assessing the Match Physical Responses of International Referees for Footballers with Cerebral Palsy: A Tournaments and Halves Comparative Analysis.

Similar to conventional football, the modality dedicated to footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) requires referees who cope with the physical demands imposed during competitive matches to apply the rules of the game. While a significant body of research has explored the physical demands on referees in mainstream football, there is a noticeable lack of data regarding CP football. This study aimed to examine the physical response of international referees participating in different levels of world competitions for footballers with CP. Thirteen international referees, who officiated 49 matches in the men's 2022 World Cup (1st to 15th ranked teams) and 2022 World Championships (16th to 30th ranked teams), participated in this study. A cross-sectional design was used to determine the physical responses and compare the 1st and 2nd halves and the performance in the different tournaments, recording physical variables throughout the matches. Significant higher physical responses were observed in the World Cup in comparison to the World Championship. Overall, high-level tournaments have been shown to elicit more intense physical responses from referees officiating CP football matches compared to lower-level tournaments. For the World Cup, a significantly higher number of accelerations and decelerations were registered in the 1st half compared to the 2nd half. This information may be useful for the strength and conditioning coaches of referees to plan weekly training sessions more specifically and adjust the periodical training load and post-match recovery protocols.

Percepción de la calidad de vida en para-deportistas y no deportistas chilenos con lesión cerebral / Perception of quality of life in chilean para-athletes and non-athletes with brain injury

Cornejo, M. I., Henríquez, M., Herrera, F., Muñoz, F., Bernardes, N., Auricchio, J. R., y Castelli-Correia de Campos, L. F. (2022). Percepción de la calidad de vida en para- deportistas y no deportistas chilenos con lesión cerebral. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20 (2), 1-18. La calidad de vida (CV) y la actividad física son aspectos relevantes en la salud de la población, y esta última con un impacto positivo en las personas con discapacidad. Debido a esto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron comparar las características e identificar la asociación entre los dominios de la percepción de la CV entre un grupo de personas con lesión cerebral que practican fútbol, para-deportistas (PD) y personas con lesión cerebral no para-deportistas (NPD), además determinar si existen diferencias en la percepción de la CV según las diferentes clases deportivas (FT1, FT2 y FT3). El estudio se desarrolló en Chile, donde se aplicó el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF para determinar la CV de los participantes. Los resultados identificaron una relación positiva y significativa entre los distintos dominios de la CV (p < .001, r = .44 - .67). Además, se observó una mejor percepción de la CV en los PD (p < .001, TE = 1.18, grande) en comparación con lo reportado por el grupo NPD. Por otro lado, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los dominios para las diferentes clases deportivas en el grupo PD. Estos datos refuerzan la idea de que la práctica deportiva influye en la participación social y en la percepción de la CV en PD con lesión cerebral. El desarrollo conjunto de los factores asociados entre la salud y el bienestar socioemocional podrían colaborar con la consolidación de la práctica deportiva y de actividad física, los cuales, a su vez son beneficiosos para las personas con discapacidad tal como lo plantean los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible en su agenda de trabajo provista al año 2030.

Cornejo, M. I., Henríquez, M., Herrera, F., Muñoz, F., Bernardes, N., Auricchio, J. R., y Castelli-Correia de Campos, L. F. (2022). Perception of quality of life in chilean para-athletes and non-athletes with brain injury. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20 (2), 1-16. Quality of life (QOL) and physical activity are relevant aspects in the health of the population, and the latter has a positive impact on people with disabilities. For this reason, the objectives of this study were to compare the characteristics and identify the association between the domains of QOL perception between a group of people with brain injury who practice soccer, para-athletes (PD) and non-para-athletes with brain injury (NPD), as well as to determine if there are differences in the perception of QOL according to the different sports classes (FT1, FT2 and FT3). The study was carried out in Chile, where the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied to determine the QOL of participants. The results identified a positive and significant relationship between the different domains of QOL (p < .001, r = .44 - .67). In addition, a better perception of QoL was observed in the PDs (p < .001, TE = 1.18, large) compared to that reported by the NPD group. On the other hand, no significant differences between domains were obtained for the different sport classes in the PD group. These data reinforce the idea that sport practice influences social participation and perception of QoL in PD with brain injury. The joint development of the factors associated between health and socioemotional well-being could collaborate in the consolidation of sports practice and physical activity, which, in turn, are beneficial for people with disabilities, as proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals in their work agenda foreseen for the year 2030.

Cornejo, M. I., Henríquez, M., Herrera, F., Muñoz, F., Bernardes, N., Auricchio, J. R., y Castelli-Correia de Campos, L. F. (2022). Percepção da qualidade de vida em paratletas e não-atletas chilenos com lesões cerebrais. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20 (2), 1-16. Qualidade de vida (QV) e atividade física são aspectos relevantes da saúde da população, tendo esta última um impacto positivo sobre as pessoas com deficiências. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar as características e identificar a associação entre os domínios da percepção de QV entre um grupo de pessoas com lesões cerebrais que praticam futebol, paratletas (P) e pessoas com lesões cerebrais não paratletas (NP), e determinar se existem diferenças na percepção de QV de acordo com as diferentes classes esportivas (FT1, FT2 e FT3). O estudo foi realizado no Chile, onde o questionário WHOQOL-BREF foi utilizado para determinar o QV dos participantes. Os resultados identificaram uma relação positiva e significativa entre os diferentes domínios da QV (p < 0,001, r = 0,44 - 0,67). Além disso, uma melhor percepção de QV foi observada nos Ps (p < 0,001, TE = 1,18, grande) em comparação com a relatada pelo grupo NP. Por outro lado, não foram obtidas diferenças significativas entre os domínios para as diferentes classes esportivas do grupo P. Estes dados reforçam a ideia de que a prática esportiva influencia a participação social e a percepção da QV nos P com lesão cerebral. O desenvolvimento conjunto de fatores associados à saúde e ao bem-estar socioemocional poderia contribuir para a consolidação da prática do esporte e da atividade física, que, por sua vez, são benéficos para as pessoas com deficiência, conforme estabelecido nas Metas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em sua agenda para 2030.

Neuromuscular Fatigue in Cerebral Palsy Football Players after a Competitive Match According to Sport Classification and Playing Position.

This study aimed to determine the rated perceived exertion (RPE) and match load (RPE-ML) to compare pre-post-match vertical jump (VJ) capacity according to cerebral palsy (CP) players' sport classes (i.e., FT1−FT3) and playing positions and to explore whether the neuromuscular performance variation is associated with the internal load of para-footballers with CP. Fifty-six male para-footballers performed two VJ tests before and immediately after a competitive CP football match, followed by measurements of the players' RPE and RPE-ML. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the pairwise comparisons for RPE and RPE-ML according to sport classes and playing position. A significant reduction in the VJ performance was found for each player sport class and playing position in squat jump (SJ) (p < 0.01; 0.24 < dg < 0.58) and countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.05; 0.22 < dg < 0.45). Regarding the pairwise comparisons, players with the minimal impairment criteria (FT3) obtained higher deficit scores during SJ than those belonging to the FT1 and FT2 (p = 0.003; 1.00 < dg < 1.56). Defenders experienced the lowest performance compared to midfielders and attackers in SJ performance (p = 0.027; 0.94 < dg < 1.28). Significant correlations were obtained between ΔSJ or ΔCMJ and RPE or RPE-ML (r = −0.58 to −0.75; p < 0.001). These findings provide novel information supporting the notion that fatigue induced after a competitive match causes notable impairments in VJ performance differentiated according to sport class and playing position in para-footballers with CP.

What Is the Relationship between Trunk Control Function and Arm Coordination in Adults with Severe-to-Moderate Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy?

Adults with tetraparesis cerebral palsy (i.e., wheelchair users) tend to experience more accelerated ageing, resulting in physical deterioration that increases the impact of the disability, leading to a loss of mobility that interferes with people's daily activities and participation in the community. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between trunk control and the function of the less-affected arm in this population. For this purpose, 41 para-athletes were invited to participate in this study, performing five tests to assess upper limb coordination, two tests to assess manual dexterity [i.e., Box and Block Test (BBT) and Box and Ball Test (BBLT)] and three tests to assess intra-limb coordination in different planes. Trunk control was assessed in both static and dynamic sitting conditions. The results show moderate correlations between static postural control and manual dexterity tests in the BBT (r = -0.553; p = 0.002) and BBLT (r = -0.537; p = 0.004). Large correlations were also found between static postural control and intra-limb tasks in horizontal (r = 0.769; p = 0.001) and vertical movements (r = 0.739; p = 0.009). Better static trunk control is related to a better upper limb function in the sagittal plane. Considerations and implications are explained in the manuscript.

[Patients with vascular ulcers and cardiovascular risk factors. Case reports]. / Paciente con úlceras vasculares y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Caso clínico.

We present the case of a patient with severe obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic venous insufficiency, as well as several vascular ulcers in the right extremity with complex clinical course. The importance of the treatment and follow-up of these vascular ulcers in primary care is essential to achieve healing or improvement. Because primary care centers can provide easy access and daily evaluation -if required-, the clinical course of vascular ulcers can be more favorable in this setting than in the hospital setting, where appointments are less frequent. In our case, the patient required several changes of treatment; at all times, the importance of controlling all the cardiovascular risk factors was explained to the patient. The involvement of the patient and his family in the disease, as well as follow-up in the primary care center, were essential to obtaining improvement.

Paciente con úlceras vasculares y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Caso clínico / Patients with vascular ulcers and cardiovascular risk factors. Case reports

Se presenta un caso clínico de paciente con obesidad severa, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión e insuficiencia venosa crónica, con varias úlceras vasculares en pierna derecha de evolución tórpida. La importancia de los cuidados, tratamiento y seguimiento de estas lesiones en el centro de salud son básicas para poder conseguir una curación. La fácil accesibilidad de los pacientes a los centros de atención primaria con una valoración diaria, si es precisa, hace que la evolución de las úlceras vasculares sea mejor que en los servicios hospitalarios, donde las citas son muy espaciadas. En nuestro caso, el paciente requirió varios cambios de tratamiento según fue evolucionando, y se le explicó en todo momento la importancia del control de todos los factores de riesgo cardiovascular que presentaba. La implicación del propio paciente y su familia en la enfermedad y el seguimiento en el centro de salud fueron imprescindibles para conseguir la mejoría

We present the case of a patient with severe obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic venous insufficiency, as well as several vascular ulcers in the right extremity with complex clinical course. The importance of the treatment and follow-up of these vascular ulcers in primary care is essential to achieve healing or improvement. Because primary care centers can provide easy access and daily evaluation ­if required­, the clinical course of vascular ulcers can be more favorable in this setting than in the hospital setting, where appointments are less frequent. In our case, the patient required several changes of treatment; at all times, the importance of controlling all the cardiovascular risk factors was explained to the patient. The involvement of the patient and his family in the disease, as well as follow-up in the primary care center, were essential to obtaining improvement